A Library is a section or chunk of Objective-C or Swift code that you make a call from your own code, to help you do things more quickly/easily. For example, a Bitmap Processing library will provide facilities for loading and manipulating bitmap images, saving you having to write all that code for yourself.
AnAPI (application programming interface) is a term meaning the functions/methods in a library that you can call to ask it to do things for you – the interface to the library.
An SDK (software development kit) is a library (often with extra tool applications, data files and sample code) that aid you in developing code that uses a particular system (e.g. extension code for using features of an operating system (Windows SDK), drawing 3D graphics via a particular system (DirectX SDK), writing add-ins to extend other applications (Office SDK), or writing code to make a device like an Arduino or a mobile phone do what you want)
A toolkit is like an SDK – it’s a group of tools (and often code libraries) that you can use to make it easier to access a device or system.
A framework is usually a huge library that provides many services (rather than perhaps only one focussed ability as most libraries do). For example, Facebook provides an application framework – it provides most (if not all) of the services you need to write a vast range of applications – so one “library” provides support for pretty much everything you need to do. Often a framework supplies a base on which you build your own code, rather than you building an application that consumes library code.
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